Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the five components that connect to form a system for value delivery?

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the five components that connect to form a system for value delivery?

• A. Portfolio
• B. Customer
• C. Product
• D. Program

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is what pieces actually make up a value-delivery system. In this framework, value moves through interconnected layers that organize work and enable delivery: a portfolio that guides strategy and funding, a program that coordinates related efforts into value streams, a product that is the actual offering being built, and two enabling elements such as people and process that make execution possible. The customer, while essential as the recipient of the value, is not a building block of the system itself. Therefore, Customer is not among the five components. The other options—Portfolio, Program, and Product—are the components that do belong in the system.

The idea being tested is what pieces actually make up a value-delivery system. In this framework, value moves through interconnected layers that organize work and enable delivery: a portfolio that guides strategy and funding, a program that coordinates related efforts into value streams, a product that is the actual offering being built, and two enabling elements such as people and process that make execution possible. The customer, while essential as the recipient of the value, is not a building block of the system itself. Therefore, Customer is not among the five components. The other options—Portfolio, Program, and Product—are the components that do belong in the system.